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Siege of Pensacola (1707)
The Siege of Pensacola was two separate attempts in 1707 by English-supported Creek Indians to capture the town and fortress of Pensacola, then one of two major settlements (the other was St. Augustine) in Spanish Florida. The attacks, part of Queen Anne's War (the North American theater of the War of the Spanish Succession), resulted in the burning of the town, and caused most of its Indian population to flee, although the fort withstood repeated attacks.
The first siege, in August 1707, resulted in the destruction of the town, but Fort San Carlos de Austria successfully resisted the onslaught. In late November 1707 a second expedition arrived, and made unsuccessful attacks on three consecutive nights before withdrawing. Pensacola Governor Don Sebastián de Moscoso, whose garrison was depleted by disease, recruited convicted criminals to assist in the fort's defense.
==Background==
(詳細はnetwork of missions whose primary purpose was to pacify the local Indian population and convert them to Roman Catholicism.〔Boyd et al, p. 10〕 The founding in 1670 by the English of Charles Town (present-day Charleston, South Carolina) in the recently established (1663) Province of Carolina heightened tensions.〔 By the early 18th century Carolina traders like Anthony Dodsworth and Thomas Nairne had established alliances with Creek Indians in the upper watersheds of rivers draining into the Gulf of Mexico, who they supplied with arms and purchased slaves and animal pelts from.〔 These traders penetrated into Spanish Florida, leading to raiding and reprisal expeditions on both sides.〔Crane (1919), p. 381〕
In 1700, Carolina's governor, Joseph Blake, threatened the Spanish that English claims to Pensacola, established by the Spanish in 1698, would be enforced.〔Crane (1919), p. 384〕 Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, the French founder of Mobile, in January 1702 warned the Spanish commander at Pensacola that he should properly arm the Apalachee Indians and engage in a vigorous defense against English incursions into Spanish territory. D'Iberville even offered equipment and supplies for the purpose.〔Crane (1956), p. 73〕 However, an attempt at a punitive expedition against the Creek resulted in a rout of the Spanish and their Apalachee allies in October 1702, shortly before news of war declarations bringing England into the War of the Spanish Succession arrived.〔Boyd (1953), pp. 469–471〕 After a failed English assault on St. Augustine, Spanish mission towns were severely reduced by numerous raids by Carolina-led Indians against the Spanish mission network from 1703 to 1706.〔Crane (1956), pp. 78–81〕 A French-organized 1706 expedition against Charles Town was a failure but motivated Carolina authorities to again target the Spanish at Pensacola and the French at Mobile.〔Crane (1956), p. 88〕 Nairne proposed a major expedition after the attack on Charles Town, intending to recruit as many as 1,500 Indians to capture Mobile, but political divisions in Carolina prevented execution of the plan.〔〔Crane (1956), p. 90〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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